注释
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[1] CD, I/2, 123.
[2] Eberhard Jüngel, Karl Barth: A Theological Legacy, trans. Garrett E. Paul (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1986), 128.
[3] CD, I/2, 1.
[4] Bruce L. McCormack, Orthodox and Modern: Studies in the Theology of Karl Barth (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2008), 211.
[5] CD, I/2, 151.
[6] CD, IV/2, x.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Ibid.
[9] 這裡所謂的「古典基督論」,巴特稱為「較早」(older)的基督論,包括教父時期的基督論,例如無實位/入實位之教義,也包括新教信義宗及改革宗之正統(orthodox)神學之基督論。
[10] CD, IV/2, 45.
[11] Gerhard Kittel and Gerhard Friedrich, eds., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 8, trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1972), 575; Helmer Ringgren, Word and Wisdom: Studies in the Hypostatization of Divine Qualities and Functions in the Ancient Near East (Lund: Håkan Ohlssons Boktryckeri, 1947), 8.
[12] 早在俄利根的約翰福音註釋中就已使用hypostasis來稱父、子、聖靈的三位格。J. N. D. Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, rev. ed. (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1978), 129.
[13] Lang認為是大馬色的約翰將此教義及無實位/入實位的用語整合起來,後來為十六、十七世紀的更正教正統神學家所引用,繼而為巴特所承襲並加以重新詮釋。Ume M. Lang, “Anhypostatos-Enhypostatos: Church Fathers, Protestant Orthodoxy and Karl Barth,” Journal of Theological Study n.s. 49, pt. 2 (October 1998): 632-3.
[14] CD, IV/2, 25, 60-1.
[15] CD, IV/2, 49.
[16] CD, IV/2, 46.
[17] CD, IV/2, 90.
[18] CD, IV/2, 48.
[19] CD, IV/2, 49.
[20] CD, IV/2, 48;參CD, I/2, 149.
[21] CD, IV/2, 48.
[22] CD, IV/2, 50.
[23] Ibid.
[24] CD, IV/2, 51.
[25] CD, IV/2, 116.
[26] CD, IV/2, 60.
[27] CD, IV/2, 60-1.
[28] CD, IV/2, 66.
[29] CD, IV/2, 62.
[30] 這一原則在巴特的《教會教義學》中多次申述,如CD, I/2之§13及§16;II/1之§25及§26;IV/2, 108.
[31] CD, IV/2, 62-3.
[32] CD, IV/2, 63.
[33] Ibid.
[34] CD, IV/2, 64.
[35] Ibid.
[36] Ibid.
[37] CD, IV/1, 64-5.
[38] CD, IV/2, 63.
[39] CD, IV/2, 65。參「神性完全不存在於其本身,而只存在於父、子和聖靈的存有模式之中。成為肉身的是上帝之子」;CD, I/2, 133.
[40] CD, IV/2, 65-6.
[41] CD, IV/2, 69.
[42] CD, IV/2, 73.
[43] CD, IV/2, 84.
[44] CD, IV/2, 108.
[45] CD, IV/1, 199-201.
[46] CD, IV/2, 84.
[47] CD, IV/2, 86.
[48] CD, IV/2, 85.
[49] Karl Barth, The Humanity of God, trans. Thomas Wieser and John Newton Thomas (Richmond, Va.: John Knox Press, 1960), 49.
[50] CD, IV/2, 86.
[51] Barth, Humanity of God, 50.
[52] 例如,對巴特基督論的發展有相當大影響的Heinrich Heppe,他的《改革宗教義學》論到基督受苦時就說:「此受苦的主體是道之位格,就是在他已變為人時,或說就他的人性而言。基督的人性受苦,因此救贖主藉著他的人性自己承擔了痛苦。」Heinrich Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, rev. and ed. Ernst Bizer, trans. G. T. Thomson (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2007), 465.
[53] 「但這痛苦是屬於那位格,或是只屬於某一本性?這痛苦是屬那位格,因為那受苦的位格是上帝與人,但不是在神性(那是不可能的!),而是在被取入的、可以受苦的人性中。」Ibid., 466.
[54] CD, IV/1, 164;亦見166。參麥郭馬也認為巴特肯定「上帝不是偶然地是一受苦的上帝,而是『本質性地』如此。」McCormack, Orthodox and Modern, 216.
[55] CD, IV/2, 88.
[56] CD, IV/2, 87.
[57] CD, IV/2, 72.
[58] CD, IV/2, 88.
[59] CD, IV/2, 92.
[60] CD, IV/2, 92-3.
[61] CD, IV/2, 93.
[62] CD, IV/2, 94.
[63] CD, IV/2, 96.
[64] CD, IV/2, 97.
[65] CD, IV/2, 81, 88.
[66] CD, IV/2, 89.
[67] CD, IV/2, 106.
[68] CD, IV/2, 109.
[69] CD, IV/2, 113-4.
[70] CD, IV/2, 114.
[71] CD, IV/2, 115.
[72] CD, IV/2, 116.
[73] Paul Dafydd Jones, The Humanity of Christ: Christology in Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics (Lonfon: T&T Clark, 2008), 103.
[74] Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Christ the Center, trans. John Bowden (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), 107.
[75] Jones, Humanity of Christ, 133.
[76] Ibid.
[77] Ibid., 134.
[78] Ibid., 250.
[79] 在瓊斯所倚重的George Hunsinger所著How to Read Karl Barth一書中也用到「雙重決行主體(double agency)」一詞,但他是在討論上帝的旨意和人的自由的問題,雖然他也引用到迦克敦會議的基督論定義作為類比,但卻不是在論基督裡人性與神性的關係,更不是主張在基督裡有神性與人性兩個決行主體。George Hunsinger, How to Read Karl Barth: The Shape of His Theology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 185-224.
[80] Jones, 135.
[81] CD, III/2 , 498.
[82] CD, III/4, 582.
[83] CD, IV/2, 95.
[84] Barth, “The Humanity of God,” 46。比較陳家富,〈人性與基督:巴特的基督論人觀與耶儒對話〉,鄧紹光、賴品超編,《巴特與漢語神學》(香港,沙田:漢語基督教文化研究所,2000),317。
[85] 莫特曼即為其中一人,他在《被釘十架的上帝》中雖然批判巴特之論基督還是太「神學了(theologically)」,而不夠三一論,但他肯定巴特「因為一貫地思想到『上帝在基督裡』,所以他……幾乎能以上帝受苦論的用語來說到上帝的受苦和參與在聖子的十架中,且最後即使不是直接用『上帝之死』的字句,但已實質上談到此內容。」 Jürgen Moltmann, The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Fundation and Criticism of Christian Theology, trans. R. A. Wilson and John Bowden (SCM Press, 1974; Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993), 203.
[86] CD, I/2, 160.
[87] CD, IV/2, 95.
[88] 麥郭馬想肯定巴特真的認為上帝本質上受苦,但他所根據的第四卷第一分卷的段落,卻不足以證明巴特確實持此看法。McCormack, Orthodox and Modern, 216。CD, IV/1, 164.
[89] CD, IV/2, 95.